2.2. Overharvesting or overexploitation of biological resources:
Individuals of a particular species are taken at a higher rate than the natural reproductive capacity of the population being harvested can sustain. Continuous overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resources; this term applies to natural resources such as wild medicinal plants, grazing postures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, etc.
More population, more requirements, utilization of resources, degradation of ecosystems, and elimination of species
Effects of overharvesting:
Overharvesting can lead to resource destruction, including the extinction of whole species.
Depleting the numbers or amount of certain resources can also change their quality.
It can directly impact humans.
For example:-
By decreasing the biodiversity necessary for medicinal resources, humans can suffer from many diseases. It disturbs the balance of ecosystems and is very dangerous for the survival of species.
For example, when forest deforestation occurs at a faster rate than reforestation, deforestation competes with other land uses such as food production, livestock grazing, and living space. For further economic growth, historical utilization of forest products Timber and fuel wood have an important role in human societies.
A man is cutting forests for his necessities of life. In this way, he is damaging countless species in the forest habitat.
In developing countries like Pakistan, almost three billion people rely on wood for heating and cooking.
According to FAO (food and agricultural organization), 10% of the forest area must be present in each country, but Pakistan has 2.2% of the forest area. The ideal forest area in a country is 25%.
Effects of deforestation:
Due to deforestation, the temperature is increasing every year. Due to an increase in temperature, glaciers melt and sea level increases, which causes flooding. Due to deforestation, the rainy cycle per year is also disturbing and affects the life cycle of insets. For example, butterflies represent a clean and clear environment. Now butterflies have diminished in many areas of Pakistan, and they are only present in Ayubia and Nathia Gali.
Excessive use of water:
Water is a natural renewable resource, but today it is being used in such an excessive amount that the cycle of balancing water is not maintained. Due to this, many plant species have died due to a lack of water.
Overfishing:-
Fishing is the major food of the people of Pakistan, who live near the ocean and seas. They are using more fishing than their requirements. Most overfishing occurs in Karachi.
Overexploitation of animals and plants:
Numerous species of plants and animals are overused for different purposes. Around 45 tons of sea horses are used in China per year for healing power. Indonesia exports 94 to 235 million frogs per year to Europe. Similarly, the United States exports and imports millions of amphibians and reptiles every year. Such intensive exploitation leads to species extinction.
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